ABSTRACT
Keratins, the epithelial-predominant members of the intermediate filament superfamily, are expressed in a pairwise, tissuespecific and differentiation-dependent manner. There are 28 type I and 26 type II keratins, which share a common structurecomprising a central coiled coil a-helical rod domain flanked by two nonhelical head and tail domains. These domainsharbor sites for major posttranslational modifications like phosphorylation and glycosylation, which govern keratin functionand dynamics. Apart from providing structural support, keratins regulate various signaling machinery involved in cellgrowth, motility, apoptosis etc. However, tissue-specific functions of keratins in relation to cell proliferation and differentiation are still emerging. Altered keratin expression pattern during and after malignant transformation is reported tomodulate different signaling pathways involved in tumor progression in a context-dependent fashion. The current reviewfocuses on the literature related to the role of keratins in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and transformation in different types of epithelia.
ABSTRACT
The development of green experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a need in the field of nanotechnology. In present study deals with the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using VIZYLAC capsule containing about 106 Lactobacillus. Two different Species of Lactobacillus obtained from VIZYLAC capsule were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were formed by treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO3 (1mM) with supernatant obtained from 24 hour grown culture of Lactobacillus Spp. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved within 3 days of incubation. UV-visible specrophotometric analysis was carried out to assess the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were further characterized using Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer (NTA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersisve X-ray Spectrum (EDX). Synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against hospital isolate of Proteus mirabilis (Multiple Drug Resistent), Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antifungal activity was checked against Candida albicans (hospital isolate) and Aspergillus niger (NCIM 616). The extracellular synthesis of size and shape controlled, monodispersed silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus species appears to be cost effective and eco-friendly.